Traceability

GRILL - Karbun

385-10000287
Place of Origin

Forest of common hornbeam with wood anemone

(As. Anemone nemorosae-Carptinetum Trinajstić 1964)

The most representative areas inhabited by this community are found in the northern part of the Croatian Littoral (Istria – the surroundings of Pazin, the island of Krk). On the island of Krk the phytocenosis is developed on a flysch lithological substrate and on the foothills of north-facing flysch slopes in Istria in particular. Here, the stands of common hornbeam are limited to a narrow belt along the ditches, where the soil (eutric colluvium) is deeper, cooler and wetter than on the surrounding terrains. The tree layer is dominated by Carpinus betulus, with constant presence of Tilia cordata. The layer of low vegetation is dominated by Anemone nemorosa and a series of mesophyllic elements. The forests do not have any significant economic value as they are predominantly in the coppice form – the result of anthropogenic degradation of beech forests. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.

Forest of sessile oak with autumn Moor grass

(As. Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae Poldini /1964/ 1982)

It is distributed in the boundary region between Italy and Slovenia, while in Croatia it is found only in one locality: Istra – Dragonja. The community is developed on shallow cambisol on limestone on exceptionally steep terrains. Due to its specific character, the community has a distinctly protective value. The tree layer is dominated by Quercus petraea, while Carpinus betulus occurs less frequently. The layer of herbaceous vegetation is dominated by Sesleria autumnalis, and partly by Carex flacca, Festuca heterophylla, Lathyrus niger and Lathyrus vernus, together with some fagetal elements. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.

Thermophilic and weakly acidophilic forest of pubescent oak with white cinquefoil

(As.  Potentillo albae-Quercetum pubescentis A. O. Horvat 1973)

In the vegetation map of Croatia this forest has only been identified in the locality Bregi above Cerovje in the flysch part of Istria. Soil is the most important synecological factor governing the occurrence of this community, which grows on regosol and rendzina on flysch. The tree layer is dominated by Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris and Ostrya carpinifolia, while Potentilla alba, Ranunculus polyanthemos, Pulmonaria australis, Serratula tinctoria and other species make their distinctive appearance in the layer of herbaceous vegetation. The stands have an important anti-erosion protective role and are not threatened. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.

Thermophilic forest of pubescent oak with tall moor grass

(As. Molinio-Quercetum pubescentis Šugar 1981 in Šugar et al. 1996)

This community grows on silicate soils in the continental part of Croatia (Samoborsko gorje, Petrova gora), but in the flysch part of Istria it is developed as a vicarious association Molinio-Quercetum petreaea. It is located on rendzina and pseudogley on slope in the central part of Istria. The floristic composition of the tree layer features Quercus pubescens, Ostrya carpinifolia and Acer obtusatum, the shrub layer contains Juniperus communis, Cotinus coggygria and Fraxinus ornus, while Molinia caeruela, Carex flacca, Helleborus istriacus and Serratula tinctoria occur in the layer of herbaceous vegetation. These are mostly degraded forest stands with a protective role. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.

Mixed forest and scrub of pubescent oak and hop hornbeam

(As. Ostryo-Quercetum pubescentis /Horvat 1950/ Trinajstić 1979)

This is a climatozonal community inhabiting the north Adriatic part of Croatia, that is, northern Istria, the littoral slopes of Velebit, and the northern slopes of Bukovica. It is developed extrazonally in north-western Croatia. It represents the last forest community towards the continental vegetation, or the North American – European vegetation region. It grows on cambisols and rendzinas on limestones and dolomites. The tree layer is dominated by Quercus pubescens and Ostrya carpinifolia. The species significant for the shrub layer include Cornus mas, Juniperus oxycedrus and Coronilla emeroides,  and for the herbaceous layer Sesleria autumnalis, Carex flacca, Aristolochia lutea and others. First and foremost, the stands of this community have protective and other functions of general benefit and are usually not endangered. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.

Forest and scrub of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam

(As. Querco-Carpinetum orientalis Horvatić 1939)

The forest of pubescent oak and oriental hornbeam is the most important climatozonal forest community in the sub-Mediterranean zone of the littoral belt from Istria to Dubrovnik. It thrives in a broad range of soils starting from melanosol, through cambisol and terra rossa on limestone to rendzinas. The parent substrate is predominantly made up of hard limestones and dolomites. Of woody species, special mention should be made of Quercus pubescens and Quercus cerris, while the shrub layer often contains Fraxinus ornus, Juniperus oxycedrus, Lonicera etrusca, as well as the evergreen elements Asparagus acutifolius and Ruscus aculeatus. The ground vegetation layer features Sesleria autumnalis, Festuca heterophyilla, Luzula forsteri and species of the order Quercetalia pubescentis. The community rarely forms coherent forest stands; on the contrary, it occurs in large complexes in different degradation stages. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.

Mixed forest and maquis of holm oak with Manna ash

(As. Fraxino orni-Quercetum ilicis Horvatić/1956/1958)

It extends from southern and south-western Istria, over Lošinj. The southern parts of the islands of Cres, Rab, Pag and Murter to Prevlaka. To a lesser extent it may be also found on the south Adriatic Islands. In the distribution range of this community the temperatures are somewhat lower than in the southern part of the eu-Mediterranean, but the quantity of precipitation is higher and better distributed in the summer. The soils are mostly melanosol, cambisol on limestone, shallow and medium deep, terra rossa typical and medium deep, and luvisol in sinkholes. The most important species include Quercus ilex, Fraxinus ornus, Arbutus unedo, Viburnum tinus, Pistacia lentiscus, Erica arborea, Rubia peregrina, Coronilla emeroides, Asparagus acutifolius, Sesleria autumnalis and others. Source: Vukelić, J. etal. 2008: Forest Sites and Forest Communities in Croatia. National Ecological Network, State Institute for Nature Protection, Zagreb.